... underemployment has been introduced . The importance of the concept of underemployment has long been recognised . At the international level , the concept was accepted at the Sixth ICLS ( 1948 ) , and was discussed further at the Eighth ...
... underemployment and the array of various attitudes. The authors note that underemployment is also commonly associated with depression, loss of selfesteem, anger, suicidal ideation, and stress-related illnesses, but is less consistently ...
... Underemployment The disaggregated analysis by gender presents another facet of the dynamics in the underemployment experience of each ethnic group considered in this study . There is considerable variation in under- employment measures ...
... underemployment rates , the second part throws light on the unemployment and underemployment situation at the household level . 3.2 Regionalisation of Punjab for data analysis For obtaining a regional picture , the data were first ...
... underemployment , no empirical evidence of income insecurity in Indonesia exists to date ; indeed , the connection between underemployment and income insecurity is dubious on theoretical grounds and remains unsubstantiated by national ...
... underemployment. But variability as evidenced by underemployment differentials over time or across demographic strata should exist if our approach to measurement is valid. It is this contention on which the present chapter rests. In the ...
... underemployment and 9.8 per cent invisible. The largest rates — over 10 per cent — encountered in the 12 to 49 age range for men while for women such rates apply to those aged 20 to 49. Adding un- and underemployment together gives a ...
... underemployment for females (designated by O-F) are calculated by dividing cell C by cell A, yielding, O-F = 580/2494 = .233, which indicates that for females the odds of being underemployed are .23 to 1. In a similar manner, we can ...
... Underemployment The concept of underemployment has received considerable attention by the Federal Government , as well as in scholarly and popular publications , even though no official government definition of underem- ployment exists ...
... Underemployment The concept of underemployment has received considerable attention by the Federal Government , as well as in scholarly and popular publications , even though no official government definition of underem- ployment exists ...