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Perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Dermatochirurgie

Update 2009

Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery

Update 2009

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Zusammenfassung

Zum gegenwärtigen Zeitpunkt gibt es kaum Studien, die sich speziell mit der perioperativen Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Dermatochirurgie befassen, sodass hauptsächlich Daten aus anderen Fachgebieten analog angewendet werden. Drei Faktoren sind für die Entscheidungsfindung wichtig: 1. Die Sauberkeit der Wunde. 2. Die Lokalisation und Art der Operation. 3. Ist der Patient Teil der Gruppe mit dem höchsten Risiko für eine Endokarditis? Aus diesen Punkten lässt sich ein Algorithmus als Flussdiagramm darstellen. Mittel der ersten Wahl ist ein orales Cephalosporin der 1. oder 2. Generation, ein Isoxazolylpenizillin oder Amoxicillin/Clavulansäure in der jeweils höchstmöglichen Einzeldosis im Abstand von 2 h vor bis 3 h nach dem Eingriff. Bei Penizillin- oder Cephalosporinallergie kann Clindamycin oder Erythromycin verabreicht werden. Es finden sich keine harten Daten für oder wider eine präoperative Rasur. Bei der Haarentfernung sind Trimmer der Klinge vorzuziehen.

Abstract

As specific data and studies concerning perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in dermatologic surgery are scarce, recommendations to date mainly draw on findings from other medical disciplines and use them analogously. Three main factors are essential in the decision process: 1st How contaminated is the wound (or will it be)? 2nd Where is the lesion located and what kind of procedure is intended? 3rd Is the patient among the highest risk group for endocarditis? An algorithm is presented incorporating these key features. The preferred antibiotic for perioperative prophylaxis is a first generation or second generation oral cephalosporin, a beta-lactamase resistant penicillin (isoxazolyl penicillin) or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The prophylaxis is administered in the highest possible single dose within 2 hours before and 3 hours after surgery. Penicillin or cephalosporin can be substituted with clindamycin or erythromycin in case of known drug allergies. There is insufficient data on the pros and cons of preoperative hair removal. Should hair removal be necessary, clipping is preferred to shaving.

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Mühlstädt, M., Kulichová, D. & Kunte, C. Perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe in der Dermatochirurgie. Hautarzt 60, 546–549 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00105-009-1719-z

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