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A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids

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Abstract

Exosomes emerged as valuable sources of disease biomarkers and new therapeutic tools. However, extracellular vesicles isolation with exosome-like characteristics from certain biofluids is still challenging which can limit their potential use in clinical settings. While ultracentrifugation-based procedures are the gold standard for exosome isolation from cell cultures, no unique and standardized method for exosome isolation from distinct body fluids exists. The complexity, specific composition, and physical properties of each biofluid constitute a technical barrier to obtain reproducible and pure exosome preparations, demanding a detailed characterization of both exosome isolation and characterization methods. Moreover, some isolation procedures can affect downstream proteomic or RNA profiling analysis. This review compiles and discussed a set of comparative studies addressing distinct exosome isolation methods from human biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, saliva, and urine, also focusing on body fluid specific challenges, physical properties, and other potential variation sources. This summarized information will facilitate the choice of exosome isolation methods, based on the type of biological samples available, and hopefully encourage the use of exosomes in translational and clinical research.

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Funding

This work was funded by the Alzheimer’s Association under Grant 2019-AARG-644347. TSM is supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) of the Ministério da Educação e Ciência under the individual PhD grant SFRH/BD/145979/2019 and MV under the individual PhD grant UI/BD/151354/2021.

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  1. Biomarker Discovery Team, Neurosciences and Signalling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Tânia Soares Martins, Margarida Vaz & Ana Gabriela Henriques

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  1. Tânia Soares Martins
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TSM—conception, literature search, data analysis, manuscript writing. MV—literature search, data analysis, manuscript writing. AGH—conception, manuscript writing and critical revision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Published in the topical collection Advances in Extracellular Vesicle Analysis with guest editors Lucile Alexandre, Jiashu Sun, Myriam Taverna, and Wenwan Zhong.

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Martins, T.S., Vaz, M. & Henriques, A.G. A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 1239–1263 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04174-5

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