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Green synthesis of carbon dots-functionalized silver nanoparticles for SERS-based detection of thiram fungicide

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Abstract

This study reports the reduction of AgNO3 using green-synthesized carbon dots (CDs) derived from the leaf extract of Datura metel without the aid of any chemical-reducing agent. The CDs act as both reducing and stabilizing agent to synthesize CDs-functionalized silver nanoparticles (Ag/CDs) and are employed for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based detection of thiram fungicide. The formation of Ag/CDs is confirmed with UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag/CDs exhibit high stability and the fabricated SERS substrate exhibited a detection range of 10–3 to 10–8 M with a corresponding correlation coefficient of 0.98. The obtained minimum detection limit of thiram is 10–8 M with an enhancement factor of 1.3 × 105 which is much lower than the maximum allowed residual limit of 7 ppm. This study emphasizes the green route to synthesize CDs-functionalized stable AgNPs for the SERS-based detection of thiram fungicide and explained the sensing mechanism.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The author KK acknowledges the DST SERB Govt. of India, for partial support through (ECR/2017/002537).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science and Humanities, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620012, Tamil Nadu, India

    J. Gokulakrishnan & Kamakshi Koppole

  2. Department of Physics, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India

    R. Rugmini & K. C. Sekhar

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  1. J. Gokulakrishnan
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  2. Kamakshi Koppole
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Contributions

JG: conceptualized and formulated the study, carried out experiments, performed data collection, data analysis, and write the original draft. RR: carried out the experiment. KCS: Contributed to the detailed analysis of the data, and edited manuscript. KK: Supervised the investigations as well as reviewed the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kamakshi Koppole.

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Gokulakrishnan, J., Koppole, K., Rugmini, R. et al. Green synthesis of carbon dots-functionalized silver nanoparticles for SERS-based detection of thiram fungicide. Appl. Phys. A 129, 778 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-023-07038-6

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