The Peopling of the Pacific from a Bacterial Perspective
Abstract
Two prehistoric migrations peopled the Pacific. One reached New Guinea and Australia, and a second, more recent, migration extended through Melanesia and from there to the Polynesian islands. These migrations were accompanied by two distinct populations of the specific human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, called hpSahul and hspMaori, respectively. hpSahul split from Asian populations of H. pylori 31,000 to 37,000 years ago, in concordance with archaeological history. The hpSahul populations in New Guinea and Australia have diverged sufficiently to indicate that they have remained isolated for the past 23,000 to 32,000 years. The second human expansion from Taiwan 5000 years ago dispersed one of several subgroups of the Austronesian language family along with one of several hspMaori clades into Melanesia and Polynesia, where both language and parasite have continued to diverge.
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We gratefully acknowledge C. Stamer for technical assistance, F. Balloux and D. Falush for helpful discussions, and J. Hey for advice on IMa. Support was provided by grants from the ERA-NET PathoGenoMics (project HELDIVNET) to M.A. and S.B., the Science Foundation of Ireland (05/FE1/B882) to M.A., the NIH (grant R01 DK62813) to Y.Y., and the Institut Pasteur and the Institut de Veille Sanitaire to J.-M.T. This publication made use of the Helicobacter pylori Multi Locus Sequence Typing Web site (http://pubmlst.org/helicobacter/) developed by K. Jolley and sited at the University of Oxford. Each strain has an ID number, and the strains newly isolated here have the continuous block of IDs from 930 to 1242. The development of this site has been funded by the Wellcome Trust and European Union.
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Published In
Science
Volume 323 | Issue 5913
23 January 2009
23 January 2009
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American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Submission history
Received: 18 September 2008
Accepted: 11 December 2008
Published in print: 23 January 2009
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