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Hyperpower Balancing and American Foreign Policy: Targeting Rogue States

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Abstract:

American preponderance in both soft and hard power resources has been compared by many to the influence of the Roman Empire and a comparison to its position has not been seen on the planet since the height of the British Empire. While considered one of two “superpowers” during the Cold War, since 1991, the term seems hardly appropriate. Thus, French foreign minister Hubert Védrine came to use the term hyperpower to describe the US, acknowledging the unique position in which it finds itself. Yet it is also widely noted that a hegemon cannot remain a hegemon indefinitely. Scholars have long argued that a unipolar distribution of power will evolve into a more multipolar system. Still it is also acknowledged that it is in the interest of the hegemon to maintain its position for as long as it can. It will thus be on the lookout for any potential challengers. Yet the United States has not has not acted as expected by IR theorists, especially realists. All variants of realism predict that any real challengers to a hegemon’s position will be major or great powers. We would therefore expect the U.S. to work to thwart any potential threats emanating from prime candidates (for example: Japan, China, Russia, or Europe) to contest U.S. supremacy. However, the U.S. has not looked to balance against these prospective rivals; rather, it has set its sights on states that are not major nor great powers and do not pose any serious threat to its international status. So called “rogue” states such as Iraq, Venezuela, North Korea, and most prominently Iran, have in the past decade been the targets of US military and diplomatic machinations.We argue in this paper that U.S. behavior towards threatening non-status quo, “rogue” states can be understood theoretically in terms of balance of threat and within the context of America’s “hyperpower” status. As a preeminent global power, American interests are tied to the survival of the current global status quo. While these small states cannot pose a threat to U.S. hyperpower, Iran, along with other “rogue” states can challenge the legitimacy of the current international status quo. By defying the international system, these smaller states de-legitimize the hegemon’s inherent authority and thus threaten to undermine its position. Subsequently, a “hyperpower” can be expected to move against not only other great powers that are opposed to the current system but against any so-called non-status quo or rogue regimes that challenge its supremacy.
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Name: ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES
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http://www.isanet.org


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MLA Citation:

Dolan, Chris. "Hyperpower Balancing and American Foreign Policy: Targeting Rogue States" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA, Mar 26, 2008 <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 <http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p250567_index.html>

APA Citation:

Dolan, C. , 2008-03-26 "Hyperpower Balancing and American Foreign Policy: Targeting Rogue States" Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA's 49th ANNUAL CONVENTION, BRIDGING MULTIPLE DIVIDES, Hilton San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CA, USA <Not Available>. 2009-05-23 from http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p250567_index.html

Publication Type: Conference Paper/Unpublished Manuscript
Abstract: American preponderance in both soft and hard power resources has been compared by many to the influence of the Roman Empire and a comparison to its position has not been seen on the planet since the height of the British Empire. While considered one of two “superpowers” during the Cold War, since 1991, the term seems hardly appropriate. Thus, French foreign minister Hubert Védrine came to use the term hyperpower to describe the US, acknowledging the unique position in which it finds itself. Yet it is also widely noted that a hegemon cannot remain a hegemon indefinitely. Scholars have long argued that a unipolar distribution of power will evolve into a more multipolar system. Still it is also acknowledged that it is in the interest of the hegemon to maintain its position for as long as it can. It will thus be on the lookout for any potential challengers. Yet the United States has not has not acted as expected by IR theorists, especially realists. All variants of realism predict that any real challengers to a hegemon’s position will be major or great powers. We would therefore expect the U.S. to work to thwart any potential threats emanating from prime candidates (for example: Japan, China, Russia, or Europe) to contest U.S. supremacy. However, the U.S. has not looked to balance against these prospective rivals; rather, it has set its sights on states that are not major nor great powers and do not pose any serious threat to its international status. So called “rogue” states such as Iraq, Venezuela, North Korea, and most prominently Iran, have in the past decade been the targets of US military and diplomatic machinations.We argue in this paper that U.S. behavior towards threatening non-status quo, “rogue” states can be understood theoretically in terms of balance of threat and within the context of America’s “hyperpower” status. As a preeminent global power, American interests are tied to the survival of the current global status quo. While these small states cannot pose a threat to U.S. hyperpower, Iran, along with other “rogue” states can challenge the legitimacy of the current international status quo. By defying the international system, these smaller states de-legitimize the hegemon’s inherent authority and thus threaten to undermine its position. Subsequently, a “hyperpower” can be expected to move against not only other great powers that are opposed to the current system but against any so-called non-status quo or rogue regimes that challenge its supremacy.

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