The Brazilian Cerrado is becoming hotter and drier
Corresponding Author
Gabriel S. Hofmann
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Correspondence
Gabriel S. Hofmann, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorManoel F. Cardoso
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRuy J. V. Alves
Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorEliseu J. Weber
Departamento Interdisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Tramandaí, RS, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandre A. Barbosa
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorPeter M. de Toledo
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorFrancisco B. Pontual
Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLeandro de O. Salles
Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorHeinrich Hasenack
Centro de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJosé L. P. Cordeiro
Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorFrancisco E. Aquino
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLuiz F. B. de Oliveira
Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Gabriel S. Hofmann
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Correspondence
Gabriel S. Hofmann, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorManoel F. Cardoso
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorRuy J. V. Alves
Departamento de Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorEliseu J. Weber
Departamento Interdisciplinar, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Tramandaí, RS, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAlexandre A. Barbosa
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorPeter M. de Toledo
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, Centro de Ciência do Sistema Terrestre, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorFrancisco B. Pontual
Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLeandro de O. Salles
Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorHeinrich Hasenack
Centro de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorJosé L. P. Cordeiro
Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Fiocruz Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorFrancisco E. Aquino
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorLuiz F. B. de Oliveira
Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
The Brazilian Cerrado is a global biodiversity hotspot with notoriously high rates of native vegetation suppression and wildfires over the past three decades. As a result, climate change can already be detected at both local and regional scales. In this study, we used three different approaches based on independent datasets to investigate possible changes in the daytime and nighttime temperature and air humidity between the peak of the dry season and the beginning of the rainy season in the Brazilian Cerrado. Additionally, we evaluated the tendency of dew point depression, considering it as a proxy to assess impacts on biodiversity. Monthly increases of 2.2−4.0℃ in the maximum temperatures and 2.4−2.8℃ in the minimum temperatures between 1961 and 2019 were recorded, supported by all analyzed datasets which included direct observations, remote sensing, and modeling data. The warming raised the vapor pressure deficit, and although we recorded an upward trend in absolute humidity, relative humidity has reduced by ~15%. If these tendencies are maintained, gradual air warming will make nightly cooling insufficient to reach the dew point in the early hours of the night. Therefore, it will progressively reduce both the amount and duration of nocturnal dewfall, which is the main source of water for numerous plants and animal species of the Brazilian Cerrado during the dry season. Through several examples, we hypothesize that these climate changes can have a high impact on biodiversity and potentially cause ecosystems to collapse. We emphasize that the effects of temperature and humidity on Cerrado ecosystems cannot be neglected and should be further explored from a land use perspective.
Open Research
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT
The authors are committed to providing any information or data related to this study that may be requested in the future.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| gcb15712-sup-0001-FigS1.JPGJPEG image, 1.7 MB | Fig S1 |
| gcb15712-sup-0002-FigS2.JPGJPEG image, 457.2 KB | Fig S2 |
| gcb15712-sup-0003-TableS1.docxWord document, 33.8 KB | Table S1 |
| gcb15712-sup-0004-TableS2.docxWord document, 34.3 KB | Table S2 |
| gcb15712-sup-0005-Legends.docxWord document, 16.3 KB | Supplementary Material |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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